Alopecia areata (AA) is an
autoimmune condition that affects up to 2% of the general population. Currently
available treatment options for AA are of limited efficacy and can be
associated with adverse effects. The advancement in understanding of the
genetic and molecular mechanisms of AA has led to the development of novel
treatment options, with the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor class of drugs at the
forefront of ongoing clinical trials. Platelet-rich plasma, fecal transplants,
and cytokine-targeted therapy with ustekinumab and dupilumab have also been
shown to regrow hair in patients with AA in individual case reports or small
studies. Several other novel therapies have preliminary data or are being
tested in clinical trials.
斑秃(AA)是一种自身免疫性疾病，在普通人群中发病率高达2%。当前可用的AA治疗方法疗效有限，并且可能与不良反应有关。对AA遗传和分子机制的进一步了解导致了新的治疗方法的发展，Janus激酶(JAK)抑制类药物处于临床试验的前沿。在个别病例报告或小型研究中，富血小板血浆，粪便移植以及乌司奴单抗和dupilumab细胞因子靶向治疗也已被证明可使AA患者毛发再生。其他几种新疗法已有初步数据或正在临床试验中进行测试。